CHANGES OF APPARENT IONIC MOBILITIES IN PROTOPLASM

Changes of Apparent Ionic Mobilities in Protoplasm

The normal P.D. across the protoplasm of Valonia macrophysa is about 10 mv. negative (inwardly directed). On adding 0.01 M guaiacol to the sea water the P.D. becomes positive and then slowly returns approximately to the normal value. In many cases this behavior is not much affected by raising the pH and so increasing the concentration of the guaiacol ion but in other cases such an increase make...

Potentials and Effective Ionic Mobilities in Frog Skin

FROG skin has been used by many workers in the study of bioelectric phenomena of living membranes. The isolated living skin mounted with Ringer's solution on both sides maintains a potential of from 10 to 100 mV., the inside of the skin being positive. This potential can be modified by changing the chemical or physical conditions. Many workers have attempted to interpret the results of such cha...

Apparent Violations of the All-or-none Law in Relation to Potassium in the Protoplasm

The protoplasm of Nitella forms a thin layer surrounding a large central vacuole filled with sap. At the inner surface of the protoplasm is a non-aqueous layer called Y and at the outer surface is a similar layer called X. At each of these layers there is a potential due to the diffusion of KCl in contact with the layer. We thus have P = P(X) + P(Y) in which P is the total potential, P(X) is th...

The Visible Structure of Cell Protoplasm and Death Changes

A study of the physical properties of protoplasm requires for its foundation a knowledge of the consistency of protoplasmic structures in the living cell. Barber’s pipette holder, a mechanical device for manipulating microscopically fine pipettes and glass needles in a hanging drop has proved most valuable for this purpose as with it one may dissect living cells under direct microscopic observa...

Apparent photosynthesis of soybean plants as affected by changes in leaf water potential under field conditions